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actual service.See PERSONAL SERVICE(1). [Blacks Law 8th]

actual seisin.See seisin in deed under SEISIN. [Blacks Law 8th]

actual-risk    test.The    doctrine    that,    for    an    injured    employee    to    be    entitled    to workers’-compensation benefits, the employee must prove that the injury arose from, and occurred in  the  course  and  scope  of,  employment.  [Cases:  Workers’  Compensation    604–618.  C.J.S. Workmen’s Compensation §§ 365–373, 376–387.] [Blacks Law 8th]

actual reduction to practice.See REDUCTION TO PRACTICE. [Blacks Law 8th]

actual possession.See POSSESSION. [Blacks Law 8th]

actual  physical  control.Direct  bodily  power  over  something,  esp.  a  vehicle.  •  Many jurisdictions require a showing of “actual physical control” of a vehicle by a person charged with driving while intoxicated. [Cases: Automobiles    332. C.J.S. Motor Vehicles §§ 1382–1394.][Blacks Law 8th]

actual notice.See NOTICE. [Blacks Law 8th]

actual market value.See fair market value under VALUE(2). [Blacks Law 8th]

actual malice.See MALICE. [Blacks Law 8th]

actually litigated.(Of a claim that might be barred by collateral estoppel) properly raised in an earlier lawsuit, submitted to the court for a determination, and determined. • A party is barred by the  doctrine  of  collateral  es-toppel  from  relitigating  an  issue  that  was  actually  litigated  —  usu. including  by  summary  judgment  but  not  nec-essarily  by …