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abstract of the specification.See ABSTRACT(2). [Blacks Law 8th]

abstract of the disclosure.See ABSTRACT(2). [Blacks Law 8th]

abstract of record.An abbreviated case history that is complete enough to show an appellate court that the questions presented for review have been preserved. [Cases: Appeal and Error    579; Criminal Law    1103.C.J.S. Appeal and Error § 496.][Blacks Law 8th]

abstract of judgment.A copy or summary of a judgment that, when filed with the appropriate public office, creates a lien on the judgment debtor’s nonexempt property. See judgment lien under LIEN. [Cases: Judgment    768(1).C.J.S. Judgments §§ 559–561, 568.][Blacks Law 8th]

abstract of conviction.A summary of the court’s finding on an offense, esp. a traffic violation. [Cases: Auto-mobiles    144.2(5.1).] [Blacks Law 8th]

abstract of a fine.See NOTE OF A FINE. [Blacks Law 8th]

abstract juridical act.See ACT. [Blacks Law 8th]

abstractions  test.Copyright.  A  means  of  comparing  copyrighted  material  with  material  that allegedly  infringes the  copyright by  examining  whether  the  actual  substance  has  been  copied  or whether  the  two  works  merely  share  the  same  abstract  ideas.  •  The  primary  authority  for  the abstractions test is Judge Learned Hand’s opinion in Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corp., 45…

abstraction-filtration-comparison  test.Copyright.  A  judicially  created  test  for  determining whether substantial similarity exists between two works in an action for infringement. • In the first step, the court dissects the copy-righted work’s structure and isolates each level of abstraction or generality (abstraction test). In the second step, the court examines each level of abstraction and separates  …

abstraction   (ab-   or   <<schwa>>b-strak-sh<<schwa>>n),   n.1.   The   mental   process   of considering  something  without  reference  to  a  concrete  instance  <jurisprudence  is  largely  the abstraction of many legal particulars>.2. A theoretical idea not applied to any particular instance <utopia in any form is an abstraction>.3. The summarizing and recording of a legal instrument in public records <abstraction of…