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forced portion.See LEGITIME.[Blacks Law 8th]

forced pooling.See compulsory pooling under POOLING.[Blacks Law 8th]

forced labor.Int’l law. Work exacted from a person under threat of penalty; work for which a person has not offered himself or herself voluntarily. • Under the U.N. Convention on Civil and Political Rights (article 8), exemptions from this definition include (1) penalties imposed by a court, (2) compulsory military service, (3) action taken in…

forced heir.See HEIR.[Blacks Law 8th]

forced exile.See EXILE.[Blacks Law 8th]

forced conversion.See CONVERSION(1).[Blacks Law 8th]

force and effect,n. Legal efficacy <mailing the brief had the force and effect of filing it with the clerk>. • The term is now generally regarded as a redundant legalism.[Blacks Law 8th]

force and arms.Hist. Violence. • The phrase was used in common-law pleading in declarations of trespass and in indictments to denote that the offending act was committed violently. See VI ET ARMIS.[Blacks Law 8th]

force,n. Power, violence, or pressure directed against a person or thing. actual force.Force consisting in a physical act, esp. a violent act directed against a robbery victim. — Also termed physical force. [Cases: Robbery 6. C.J.S. Robbery §§ 13–23.] constructive force.Threats and intimidation to gain control or prevent resistance; esp., threatening words or gestures directed…

for-cause,n. See challenge for cause under CHALLENGE(2).[Blacks Law 8th]